Arrays store expressions of the same type in an ordered list.
An array constructor is an expression that consists of a sequence of comma-separated expressions of the same type enclosed in square brackets. It produces an array value:
"[" expr [, ...] "]"For example:
db>
SELECT [1, 2, 3];{[1, 2, 3]}db>
SELECT [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)];{[('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)]}An empty array can also be created, but it must be used together with a type cast, since EdgeDB cannot infer the type of an array that contains no elements.
db>
SELECT [];QueryError: expression returns value of indeterminate type Hint: Consider using an explicit type cast. ### SELECT []; ### ^
db>
SELECT <array<int64>>[];{[]}|
Array indexing. | |
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Array slicing. | |
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Array concatenation. | |
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Comparison operators | |
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Return number of elements in the array. | |
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Check if an element is in the array. | |
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Find the index of an element in the array. | |
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Render an array to a string. | |
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Return an array made from all of the input set elements. | |
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Return the element of array at the specified index. | |
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Return array elements as a set. |
Arrays represent a one-dimensional homogeneous ordered list.
Array indexing starts at zero.
With the exception of other array types, any type can be used as an array element type.
An array type is created implicitly when an array constructor is used:
db>
SELECT [1, 2];{[1, 2]}The syntax of an array type declaration can be found in this section.
See also the list of standard
array functions and
generic functions such as len().
Array indexing.
Example:
db>
SELECT [1, 2, 3][0];{1}db>
SELECT [(x := 1, y := 1), (x := 2, y := 3.3)][1];{(x := 2, y := 3.3)}Negative indexing is supported:
db>
SELECT [1, 2, 3][-1];{3}Referencing a non-existent array element will result in an error:
db>
SELECT [1, 2, 3][4];InvalidValueError: array index 4 is out of bounds
Array slicing.
An omitted lower bound defaults to zero, and an omitted upper bound defaults to the size of the array.
The upper bound is non-inclusive.
Examples:
db>
SELECT [1, 2, 3][0:2];{[1, 2]}db>
SELECT [1, 2, 3][2:];{[3]}db>
SELECT [1, 2, 3][:1];{[1]}db>
SELECT [1, 2, 3][:-2];{[1]}Referencing an array slice beyond the array boundaries will result in an empty array (unlike a direct reference to a specific index):
db>
SELECT [1, 2, 3][1:20];{[2, 3]}db>
SELECT [1, 2, 3][10:20];{[]}Return an array made from all of the input set elements.
The ordering of the input set will be preserved if specified.
db>
SELECT array_agg({2, 3, 5});{[2, 3, 5]}
db>
SELECT array_agg(User.name ORDER BY User.name);{['Alice', 'Bob', 'Joe', 'Sam']}Return the element of array at the specified index.
If index is out of array bounds, the default or {} (empty set)
is returned.
This works the same as array indexing operator
except that if the index is outside array boundaries an empty set
of the array element type is returned instead of raising an exception.
db>
SELECT array_get([2, 3, 5], 1);{3}db>
SELECT array_get([2, 3, 5], 100);{}db>
SELECT array_get([2, 3, 5], 100, default := 42);{42}